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Weight Loss, Diets, and Supplements: Does Anything Work?

	Introduction

 
It is estimated that at least two-thirds of adults are currently trying to lose weight or prevent weight gain.1 While many are eating less fat to manage weight, few are using the recommended strategies of eating fewer calories and increasing physical activity.1

Many individuals trying to lose or maintain weight engage in new behaviors for short periods of time. However, they are typically not able to maintain these new behaviors. In one study, for example, individuals reported using each of the following behaviors at least once in 4 years, but used these behaviors only 20% of the time: decreased fat intake (78.7%), reduced calories (73.2%), and increased exercise (82.2%).2

Individuals attempting to lose weight may have unrealistic expectations, and if their expectations are not met, they may give up. Data suggest that people who want to lose weight want to lose, on average, at least 32% of their initial body weight3 even though health professionals recommend a weight loss of only 5–10% to improve obesity-related complications (e.g., lowering blood pressure or improving lipids).4 Weight-loss goals set by individuals are based more on appearance and physical comfort than on improved health.3

Because weight-loss expectations differ from traditional, recommended programs that encourage small weight losses over time, consumers are turning to other diet gimmicks in hopes of achieving their goals.5 Americans are spending $33 billion annually for weight-loss products and services6 for which there may or may not be evidence supporting their effectiveness. This article reviews popular weight-loss diets and supplements. It also discusses prioritization of weight-management goals with diabetes management goals and offers key counseling messages.

	Facts About Diets and Supplements Patients Are Trying

 
Diets.
The past 50 years have seen a proliferation of diets. These have ranged from total fasting, to consuming 300–400 calories/day of liquid supplements, to eating 1,200–2,100 calories/day . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Dietary supplements.

	Weight Management Strategies That Can Work

 

	Prioritizing Weight Management With Diabetes Management Goals

 

	Bottom Line: What to Know and Say

 

	Footnotes

 

	References

 

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