Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | n = 1,582 |
|---|---|
| Men | 932 (58.9) |
| Age, years | 56.8 ± 9.4 |
| Age-group, years | |
| 18–44 | 152 (9.6) |
| 45–54 | 438 (27.7) |
| 55–64 | 703 (44.4) |
| 65–74 | 243 (15.4) |
| 75–84 | 43 (2.7) |
| ≥85 | 3 (0.2) |
| U.S. region | |
| North Central | 469 (29.6) |
| Northeast | 195 (12.3) |
| South | 655 (41.4) |
| West | 253 (16.1) |
| Unknown/missing | 10 (0.6) |
| Insurance | |
| Commercial | 1,257 (79.5) |
| Medicare | 325 (20.5) |
| Deyo-CCI | 3.10 ± 2.05 |
| Medical diagnoses | |
| Bariatric surgery | 1 (0.1) |
| Depression | 166 (10.5) |
| Hypertension | 1076 (68) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 950 (60.1) |
| Hypoglycemia | 184 (11.6) |
| Lower-limb amputation | 14 (0.9) |
| Neuropathy | 568 (35.9) |
| Obesity | 354 (22.4)* |
| Nephropathy | 423 (26.7) |
| Retinopathy | 353 (22.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 117 (7.4) |
| CVD, acute myocardial infarction | 23 (1.5) |
| CVD, angina | 66 (4.2) |
| CVD, coronary | 393 (24.8) |
| CVD, heart failure | 188 (11.9) |
| CVD, peripheral vascular disease | 207 (13.1) |
| CVD, other | 67 (4.2) |
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD. *Obesity is likely underreported in an administrative claims database. CVD, cardiovascular disease.